Short-Term Effects of a Resistance Training Program Using Elastic Tubing in Patients with Heart Disease

Abstract Background Resistance training is effective in cardiac rehabilitation; however, it is conventionally performed using free weights or machines, which can pose logistic challenges to patients with restricted mobility. For its ease of access and cost-effectiveness, elastic tubing is a particularly appealing alternative, but it remains underutilized for this purpose. Objective To evaluate muscle strength, functional capacity, aerobic capacity, and quality of life in patients with heart disease in phase II of cardiovascular rehabilitation after a resistance training intervention based solely on elastic tubing. Methods Thirteen patients with heart disease (age 63.33±10.80 years) trained with elastic tubing twice weekly for 6 weeks, with progressive load increase every 15 days. The following muscle groups were evaluated and trained: shoulder abductors and flexors, elbow flexors, and knee flexors and extensors. Muscle strength was evaluated using a dynamometer; functional capacity, with a 6-minute walk test and cardiopulmonary exercise test; and quality of life, using the SF-36 questionnaire. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The paired Student's t-test was used for comparisons before and after training, at a significance level of <5%. Results There were significant differences in muscle strength (except for elbow flexion) and functional capacity (485.5 ± 123.3 vs 578.7 ± 110.5; p=0.0399) after the intervention. No statistical differences were found in cardiorespiratory fitness or quality of life. Conclusions Short-term resistance training with elastic tubing improved peripheral muscle strength and functional capacity in patients with heart disease, and should be encouraged for this population. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; xx(x):xxx-xxx)

Influência da diabetes na função autonômica de crianças: análise por meio dos índices geométricos / Influence of diabetes on autonomic function in children: analysis through the geometr ic indices

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus type 1 has been established as one of the most common noncommunicable diseases among children, diabetic autonomic dysfunction presenting as one of its most frequent complications, however, few studies have evaluated autonomic modulation through heart rate variability in diabetic children. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the autonomic modulation in children with diabetes mellitus type 1. METHODS: Data from 36 children of both sexes were analyzed, who were divided into two groups: Diabetes mellitus type 1, n = 13 (11.62 ± 2.18) with a diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus type 1 and control, n = 23 (11.04 ± 1.02) without the disease. Initially personal data, weight, height, heart rate and blood pressure were collected. Subsequently, for the analysis of autonomic modulation, the heart rate beat-to-beat was captured using a heart rate monitor in the supine position for 30 minutes. The geometric indices (RRtri, TINN, Poincaré plot) were calculated to analyze autonomic modulation. The Student t test for parametric data or the Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric data, with a 5% significance level, were used for comparison between groups. RESULTS: The results demonstrated a reduction in RRtri, TINN, SD1 and SD2 in diabetic children. The SD1/SD2 ratio was similar between groups. In the qualitative analysis of the Poincaré plot, the children with Diabetes mellitus type 1 presented a figure with less dispersion of the points when compared to the control children. CONCLUSION: Children with diabetes mellitus type 1 have reduced overall variability and parasympathetic modulation.

INTRODUÇÃO: A diabetes mellitus tipo 1 tem sido apontada como uma das doenças não transmissíveis mais comum entre as crianças, apresentando como uma de suas complicações mais frequente a disfunção autonômica diabética, entretanto, pouco são os estudos que avaliam a modulação autonômica por meio da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em crianças diabéticas. OBJETIVOS: Analisar os efeitos da modulação autonômica cardíaca em crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados de 36 crianças, de ambos os sexos, as quais foram divididas em dois grupos, sendo 13 (11,62 ± 2,18) com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e 23 (11,04 ± 1,02) sem a patologia. Inicialmente foram coletados os dados pessoais, peso, altura, frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial. Posteriormente, para análise da modulação autonômica, a frequência cardíaca foi captada batimento a batimento por meio de um cardiofrequencímetro na posição supina por 30 minutos. Para análise da modulação autonômica foram calculados os índices geométricos (RRtri, TINN, plot de Ponincaré). Teste t de Student para dados paramétricos ou o teste de Mann-Whitney para dados não paramétricos, com nível de significância de 5%, foram utilizados para comparação entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos apontam redução do RRtri, TINN, SD1 e SD2 nas crianças diabéticas. A razão SD1/SD2 foi semelhante entre os grupos. Na análise qualitativa do plot de Poincaré crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 apresentaram uma figura com menor dispersão dos pontos quando comparado ao das crianças controle. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 apresentam redução de variabilidade global e da atividade parassimpática.